What Can I Do To Prevent Prostate Cancer – Prevention is action taken to reduce the likelihood of it occurring Resistance reduces the number of new cases in a group or population Hopefully this will reduce the death toll
Scientists look at risk factors and protective factors to prevent new infections Anything that increases your chance of developing it is called a risk factor; Anything that reduces your chances of developing it is called a protective factor
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Some risk factors are preventable, but most are not For example, both smoking and certain genetic inheritance are risk factors for some types, but only smoking is preventable Regular exercise and a healthy diet can be protective factors for some types Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors can reduce your risk, but that doesn’t mean you won’t.
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The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system The prostate is located below the bladder (the organ that collects and empties urine) and in front of the rectum (the lower part of the intestine). It is the size of an almond and surrounds the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder). The prostate gland produces fluid that forms part of the sperm
Anatomy of the male reproductive and urinary system, showing the urethra, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, testicles, and other organs.
As men age, the prostate gland can become larger An enlarged prostate gland blocks the flow of urine from the bladder and causes problems with sexual function. This condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Not BPH, but surgery may be needed to correct it Symptoms of BPH or other prostate problems can be similar to symptoms of prostate cancer
Normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A normal prostate does not block the flow of urine from the bladder An enlarged prostate can put pressure on the bladder and urethra to prevent urination.
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Prostate cancer is more common in older men About one in eight men in the United States has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Most men who develop prostate cancer do not die from it.
Avoiding risk factors can help prevent some s Risk factors include smoking, being overweight and not exercising enough Increasing immune factors such as smoking cessation and exercise may also help prevent some s Talk to your doctor or other health care professional about how you can reduce your risk
Prostate cancer is rare in men under the age of 50 As men age, the prostate enlarges
A person who has a father, brother or son with prostate cancer has a higher than average chance of developing prostate cancer.
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Prostate cancer is more common in African American men than in white men African American men with prostate cancer are more likely to die from the disease than white men with prostate cancer.
The prostate needs male hormones to function The main male sex hormone is testosterone Testosterone helps the body develop and maintain male sexual characteristics
An enzyme in the body converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is important for normal prostate growth but can cause prostate enlargement and contribute to prostatic hyperplasia.
The Selenium and Vitamin E Prevention Trial (SELECT) found that vitamin E alone increased the risk of prostate cancer. The risk remained even after men stopped taking vitamin E
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Folate is a B vitamin found naturally in certain foods such as green vegetables, legumes, and orange juice. Folic acid is a man-made form of folate found in vitamin supplements and fortified foods such as whole grain breads and cereals. A 10-year study found that men who took 1 milligram (mg) of folic acid supplements had an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, men with adequate folate in their diet have a lower risk of prostate cancer
Dairy and foods high in calcium may slightly increase the risk of prostate cancer
Folate is a B vitamin found naturally in certain foods such as green vegetables, legumes, and orange juice. Folic acid is a man-made form of folate found in vitamin supplements and fortified foods such as whole grain breads and cereals. A 10-year study found that men with adequate folate in their diet had a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, men who took 1 milligram (milligram) of folic acid supplements had an increased risk of prostate cancer.
Finasteride and dutasteride are drugs that reduce the amount of male sex hormones produced by the body. These drugs block the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Higher than normal levels of DHT can contribute to prostate enlargement Taking finasteride or dutasteride has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but it is not known whether these drugs reduce the risk of dying from prostate cancer.
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The Prostate Prevention Trial (PCPT) studied whether finasteride could prevent prostate cancer in men over the age of 55. This prevention study found that a group of men who received finasteride had less prostate cancer than men who did not receive finasteride. Prostate mortality was similar in both groups Men who took finasteride reported more side effects, including erectile dysfunction, loss of sex drive, and breast enlargement than the non-male group. In the PCPT, finasteride-treated men with prostate cancer had more aggressive tumors, but an exploratory analysis of the PCPT found that these men did not have more aggressive tumors.
The Prostate Events Trial (REDUCE) studied whether dutasteride could prevent prostate cancer in men aged 50 to 75 years with the disease. This prevention study showed fewer men who underwent prostatectomy than men who did not receive dutasteride. The number of less aggressive prostates decreased, but the number of more aggressive prostates did not More side effects were reported in men who took dutasteride, including erectile dysfunction, decreased sex drive, decreased sperm count, and breast enlargement.
The following factors have not been shown to affect prostate cancer risk, or their effect on prostate cancer risk is unknown:
The Selenium and Vitamin E Prevention Trial (SELECT) studied whether taking vitamin E and selenium (a mineral) could prevent prostate cancer. Selenium and vitamin E taken separately or together by healthy men age 55 and older (for African American men age 50 and older). Studies have shown that taking selenium alone or taking selenium and vitamin E together does not reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
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It is not known whether reducing dietary fat or increasing fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of prostate cancer or prostate cancer. In the PCPT trial, some fatty acids increased the risk of high-grade prostate, while others decreased the risk of high-grade prostate.
Regular use of multivitamins has not been shown to increase the risk of primary or localized prostate cancer. However, a large study found that men who took multivitamins more than seven times a week had an increased risk of prostate cancer.
Some studies suggest that a diet high in lycopene may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, but other studies do not. Lycopene supplements have not been proven to reduce the risk of prostate cancer
Prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer Some prevention trials are conducted with healthy people who do not have but are at high risk Other resistance tests are done with people trying to prevent others of the same type or reduce the chance of developing a new type Other tests are done with healthy volunteers who have no known risk factors
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Some prevention clinical trials look at whether people can take preventive measures These may include eating more fruits and vegetables, exercising, quitting smoking, or taking certain medications, vitamins, minerals, or dietary supplements.
Information about NCI-supported clinical trials can be found on NCI’s Clinical Trials Search webpage. Clinical trials sponsored by other organizations can be found at ClinicalTrials.gov
The Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Institutes of Health’s (NCI) comprehensive information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on prevention, diagnosis, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions Health professional editions contain detailed information written in technical language
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